A hydroelectric power plant is a power plant that uses hydropower to produce electrical energy. The turbine in the hydropower plant will convert the potential and kinetic energy from water into mechanical energy. Then, the generator will convert the mechanical energy into electrical energy.
In hydropower plants, several main components help the process of creating electrical energy. These components are hydropower, pipes, turbines, generators, and transmission lines. Hydropower can come from a dam. Pipes provide an intermediary for supplying hydropower to the turbines. Then, the turbine will move which makes the generator move too. As a result, the generator generates electrical energy which then requires a transmission line for distribution to consumers.
Based on the electrical power output, hydropower consists of the following types.
- Pico-hydro produces an electrical power of 5 kW.
- Micro-hydro generates electrical power of 5 to 100 kW.
- Minihidro produces electric power of 101 to 1 MW.
- The dam or DAM generates electrical power of more than 100 MW.
Hydroelectric Power Plant in Indonesia
Water is renewable energy, which means water will not run out even if it is used continuously. Therefore, Indonesia is also building hydropower plants as a power plant. Hydroelectric power is used to meet electricity needs, especially in rural areas that have water dams in Indonesia, there are already dozens of hydropower plants being built. The following are some of the hydropower plants in Indonesia.
- Cirata Reservoir, West Java – Cirata Reservoir is the largest hydropower plant in Indonesia and even Southeast Asia. Its capacity reaches 1,008 MW. This hydropower plant is capable of producing electricity up to 1,428 GWh per year.
- Saguling Reservoir, West Java – Saguling Reservoir is an artificial reservoir. The location of this reservoir is close to the Cirata Reservoir. With an area of 5,600 hectares and a water discharge of 875 million cubic meters, this reservoir can meet the electricity needs of 700 to 1,400 MW.
- PLTA Sulewana, Poso, Central Sulawesi – The location of this PLTA is near the Poso River. This hydropower plant is still undergoing the third development stage. After the construction is complete, this PLTA will have a power capacity of up to 400 MW.
There are still many other hydropower plants in Indonesia. In fact, at the end of 2019, Indonesia plans to build a Kayan River hydropower plant with a capacity of 9,000 MW. The hydropower plant is predicted to be the largest in Indonesia.
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